Ishishini lePolyurethane: ukufikelela okuphezulu, ukuqokelela okunzima
Imbali yoPhuhliso lwe-Polyurethane Industry
I-Polyurethane (PU) yi-resin ye-polymer eyenziwe yi-polymerization ye-condensation yeekhemikhali ezisisiseko ze-isocyanate kunye ne-polyol.I-Polyurethane ineenzuzo zamandla aphezulu, ukuxhathisa i-abrasion, ukuxhathisa ukukrazula, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-flexural, ukuxhathisa kweoli kunye nokuhambelana kakuhle kwegazi.Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwikhaya, izixhobo zombane, ezothutho, ulwakhiwo, iimfuno zemihla ngemihla kunye namanye amashishini, kwaye yinto ebalulekileyo yobunjineli.Kwi-1937, i-chemist yaseJamani u-Bayer wasebenzisa i-polyaddition reaction ye-1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate kunye ne-1,4-butanediol ukwenza i-polyamide resin ecacileyo, eyavula uphando kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-polyamide resin.Ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini, iJamani iye yaseka isityalo sokulinga se-polyamide esinamandla athile okuvelisa.Emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, iUnited States, iBritani, iJapan kunye namanye amazwe azisa iteknoloji yaseJamani ukuqalisa ukuveliswa kunye nophuhliso lwe-polyurethane, kwaye imboni ye-polyurethane yaqala ukukhula kwihlabathi jikelele.ilizwe lam liye laphanda ngokuzimeleyo kwaye laphuhlisa i-polyurethane resin ukususela ngo-1960, kwaye ngoku iye yaba ngumvelisi omkhulu wehlabathi kunye nomthengi we-polyurethane.
I-Polyurethane yohlulwe ngohlobo lwe-polyester kunye nohlobo lwe-polyether.Ulwakhiwo lwe-polyurethane monomer lumiselwa ikakhulu yimathiriyeli ekrwada enyukayo kunye neempawu ezijoliswe kuzo.Uhlobo lwepolyester lwenziwa ngokusabela kwepolyester polyol kunye ne-isocyanate.Yeyolwakhiwo oluqinileyo kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukuvelisa isiponji esinegwebu, idyasi yangaphezulu kunye nephepha leplastiki elinobulukhuni obuphezulu kunye nokuxinana.Uhlobo lwe-polyether lufunyenwe ngokusabela kwe-polyether yohlobo lwe-polyol kunye ne-isocyanate, kunye nesakhiwo se-molecular segment ethambileyo.Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa ukuveliswa komqhaphu wememori elastiki kunye ne-cushion-proof cushion.Iinkqubo ezininzi zangoku zokuvelisa i-polyurethane i-remix i-polyester kunye ne-polyether polyols ngokwemilinganiselo yokuqinisekisa ukuguquguquka kwemveliso ephakathi.Izinto eziphambili zekrwada ze-polyurethane synthesis zi-isocyanates kunye ne-polyols.I-Isocyanate ligama eliqhelekileyo kwii-esters ezahlukeneyo ze-isocyanic acid, ezihlelwa ngenani lamaqela -NCO, kubandakanywa i-monoisocyanate RN = C = O, diisocyanate O = C = NRN = C = O kunye ne-polyisocyanate njl.;inokwahlulwa ibe yi-aliphatic isocyanates kunye ne-aromatic isocyanates.I-isocyanates enuka kamnandi okwangoku isetyenziswa kwixabiso elikhulu, njenge-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) kunye ne-toluene diisocyanate (TDI).I-MDI kunye ne-TDI zizinto ezibalulekileyo ze-isocyanate.
Ikhonkco loshishino lwePolyurethane kunye nenkqubo yokuvelisa
Iimathiriyeli ekrwada enyukayo ze-polyurethane ikakhulu zii-isocyanates kunye neepolyols.Iimveliso eziphambili ezingundoqo zibandakanya iiplastiki zogwebu, ii-elastomers, iiplastiki zefiber, iifibers, iiresin zesikhumba, iingubo, izinto zokuncamathelisa kunye nezitywini kunye nezinye iimveliso zeresin.Iimveliso ezisezantsi zibandakanya izixhobo zasekhaya, izixhobo zasekhaya, ezothutho, ulwakhiwo, kunye neemfuno zemihla ngemihla kunye namanye amashishini.
Ishishini le-polyurethane linemiqobo ephezulu kwitekhnoloji, inkunzi, abathengi, ulawulo kunye netalente, kwaye ishishini linemiqobo ephezulu yokungena.
1) Izithintelo zobugcisa nezemali.Imveliso ye-isocyanates enyukayo likhonkco elinemiqobo ephezulu yobugcisa kwikhonkco leshishini le-polyurethane.Ngokukodwa, i-MDI ithathwa njengenye yeemveliso ezininzi ezinemiqobo ephezulu kakhulu kwishishini lemichiza.Indlela yenkqubo ye-synthetic ye-isocyanate inde, kubandakanywa ukusabela kwe-nitration, ukusabela kokunciphisa, ukusabela kwe-asidi, njl. isocyanates.Nangona kunjalo, i-phosgene inetyhefu kakhulu, kwaye ukusabela kufuneka kuqhutywe phantsi kweemeko eziqinileyo ze-asidi, ezifuna izixhobo eziphezulu kunye nenkqubo.Ukongezelela, iikhompawundi ze-isocyanate ezifana ne-MDI kunye ne-TDI zilula ukusabela ngamanzi kwaye ziwohloke, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, indawo yokukhenkceza iphantsi, engumceli mngeni omkhulu kwiteknoloji yokuvelisa.2) Izithintelo zabathengi.Umgangatho wezinto ze-polyurethane ziya kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kweemveliso kumashishini ahlukeneyo asezantsi.Abathengi abahlukeneyo abayi kutshintsha ngokulula ababoneleli emva kokumisela iimpawu zabo zemveliso, ngoko kuya kwenza imiqobo kubangeneli abatsha kwishishini.3) Izithintelo zolawulo kunye neetalente.Ukujongana neemfuno zemodeli yemveliso esasazekileyo yabathengi abasezantsi, ishishini le-polyurethane kufuneka lenze iseti epheleleyo yokuthengwa kwempahla, imveliso, intengiso kunye neenkonzo, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, kufuneka ihlakulele abaqeqeshi abakwinqanaba eliphezulu abanamava olawulo lwemveliso etyebileyo. kunye nemiqobo yolawulo ephezulu.
Iingcaphuno ze-MDI: Imfuno iyachacha, iindleko eziphezulu zamandla zinokunciphisa unikezelo lwaphesheya kolwandle
Ixabiso lembali ye-MDI kunye nohlalutyo lwe-cyclical
Imveliso ye-MDI yasekhaya yaqala ngeminyaka yoo-1960, kodwa ilinganiselwe lizinga letekhnoloji, imfuno yasekhaya ixhomekeke kakhulu ekuthengisweni kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle kwaye amaxabiso aphezulu.Ukususela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-21, njengoko i-Wanhua Chemical ngokuthe ngcembe yafumana itekhnoloji engundoqo yemveliso ye-MDI, umthamo wemveliso wanda ngokukhawuleza, unikezelo lwasekhaya lwaqala ukuchaphazela amaxabiso, kwaye i-cyclicality yamaxabiso e-MDI yaqala ukubonakala.Ukususela ekuqwalaselweni kwamaxabiso embali, ixabiso le-MDI edityanisiweyo liyafana naleyo ye-MDI esulungekileyo, kwaye umjikelo onyukayo okanye osezantsi wexabiso le-MDI malunga neminyaka emi-2-3.I-58.1% ye-quantile, i-avareji yexabiso leveki inyuke nge-6.9%, ixabiso lenyanga eliqhelekileyo lehla nge-2.4%, kwaye ukuhla kwe-10.78% ngonyaka;I-MDI ecocekileyo ivalwe kwi-21,500 yuan / ton, kwi-55.9% yexabiso lexabiso lembali, ngokunyuka kwexabiso eliphakathi kweveki ye-4.4%, ixabiso le-avareji yenyanga lehla nge-2.3%, kwaye ukunyuka konyaka ukuya kumhla kwaba yi-3.4%.Indlela yokuhanjiswa kwexabiso ye-MDI ihamba kakuhle, kwaye indawo ephezulu yexabiso ihlala iyindawo ephezulu yokusasazeka.Sikholelwa ukuba lo mjikelo wokunyuka kwexabiso le-MDI uqala ngoJulayi ka-2020, ikakhulu unxulumene nefuthe lobhubhane kunye ne-overseas force majeure kwizinga lokusebenza.Umndilili wexabiso le-MDI ngo-2022 kulindeleke ukuba uhlale uphezulu.
Ukusuka kwidatha yembali, akukho xesha lonyaka licacileyo kumaxabiso e-MDI.Ngo-2021, ixabiso eliphezulu le-MDI ehlanganisiweyo liza kubonakala kwikota yokuqala neyesine.Ukuqulunqwa kwexabiso eliphezulu kwikota yokuqala kubangelwa ikakhulu kuMthendeleko weNtwasahlobo osondelayo, ukuhla kwezinga lokusebenza kweshishini kunye nokuxinwa kwabavelisi abasezantsi phambi komthendeleko.Ukuqulunqwa kwamaxabiso aphezulu kwikota yesine ngokuyinhloko kuvela kwinkxaso yeendleko phantsi "kokulawulwa kabini kokusetyenziswa kwamandla".Ixabiso eliqhelekileyo le-MDI ehlanganisiweyo kwikota yokuqala ye-2022 yayiyi-20,591 yuan / toni, phantsi kwe-0.9% ukusuka kwikota yesine ye-2021;ixabiso eliqhelekileyo le-MDI ecocekileyo kwikota yokuqala yayiyi-22,514 yuan/toni, inyuke nge-2.2% ukusuka kwikota yesine ka-2021.
Amaxabiso e-MDI kulindeleke ukuba ahlale eqinile ngo-2022. Ixabiso eliqhelekileyo le-MDI ehlanganisiweyo (Yantai Wanhua, East China) ngo-2021 iya kuba yi-20,180 yuan / toni, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka kwe-35.9% kunye ne-69.1% yexabiso lembali. ixabiso.Ekuqaleni kuka-2021, imozulu embi kakhulu phesheya kolwandle yayihlala isenzeka, ubhubhani wachaphazela uthutho lokuthumela ngaphandle, kwaye amaxabiso e-MDI aphesheya anyuka kakhulu.Nangona amaxabiso e-MDI okwangoku aphezulu kancinci kunomndilili wembali, sikholelwa ukuba lo mjikelo wexabiso le-MDI ukuya phezulu awukapheli.Amaxabiso aphezulu e-oyile kunye negesi axhasa iindleko ze-MDI, ngelixa umthamo omtsha we-MDI wokuvelisa ngo-2022 ulinganiselwe kwaye unikezelo lulonke lusaqinile, ngoko ke amaxabiso alindeleke ukuba ahlale eqinile.
Ubonelelo: Ukwandiswa okuzinzileyo, ukonyuka okulinganiselweyo ngo-2022
Isantya sokwandisa imveliso yeWanhua Chemical ikhawuleza kakhulu kuneyabakhuphisana bamazwe ngamazwe.Njengenkampani yokuqala yasekhaya ekwazi kakuhle ubuchwephesha obuphambili bemveliso ye-MDI, i-Wanhua Chemical ibe ngoyena mvelisi we-MDI omkhulu ehlabathini.Ngo-2021, umthamo wemveliso we-MDI yehlabathi jikelele uya kuba malunga ne-10.24 yezigidi zeetoni, kwaye umthamo omtsha wokuvelisa uya kuvela kwi-Wanhua Chemical.Isabelo semarike yemveliso yehlabathi yeWanhua Chemical ifikelele kuma-25.9%.Ngo-2021, umthamo wemveliso ye-MDI yasekhaya iyonke iya kuba malunga ne-3.96 yezigidi zeetoni, kwaye imveliso iya kuba malunga ne-2.85 yezigidi zeetoni, ukwanda kwe-27.8% xa kuthelekiswa nemveliso ngo-2020. Ukongeza kokuchatshazelwa ngubhubhane ngo-2020, ekhaya. Imveliso ye-MDI igcine ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kwiminyaka yamuva nje, kunye ne-CAGR ye-10.3% ukusuka kwi-2017 ukuya kwi-2021. Ngokombono wesantya sokwandiswa kwehlabathi kwixesha elizayo, ukunyuka okuphambili kuya kuphuma kwi-Wanhua Chemical, kunye neprojekthi yokwandisa yasekhaya. zisetyenziswe kwangoko kunamazwe angaphandle.NgoMeyi 17, ngokutsho kwiwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-Shaanxi Chemical Construction, uGao Jiancheng, unobhala weqela kunye nosihlalo wenkampani, wamenywa ukuba aye kwintlanganiso yokukhuthaza iprojekthi ye-Wanhua Chemical (Fujian) MDI, kwaye watyikitya isicwangciso senkqubela phambili yokwakhiwa ileta yoxanduva kunye ne-Wanhua Chemical. (Fujian) ukuqinisekisa Ukufezekisa ujoliso lwemveliso yeprojekthi ngoNovemba 30, 2022.
Imfuno: Izinga lokukhula liphezulu kunokubonelela, kwaye izinto zokwakha zokugquma kunye neebhodi ezingenazo i-formaldehyde zizisa ukukhula okutsha.
Ukukhula kwemfuno ye-MDI yehlabathi kulindeleke ukuba kugqithe ukukhula kobonelelo.Ngokutsho kwedatha ye-Covestro, ukunikezelwa kwe-MDI yehlabathi ngo-2021 malunga neetoni ze-9.2 yezigidi, kunye ne-CAGR ye-4% ngo-2021-2026;Imfuno ye-MDI yehlabathi imalunga ne-8.23 yezigidi zeetoni, kunye ne-CAGR ye-6% ngo-2021-2026.Ngokwedatha ye-Huntsman, umthamo we-MDI wehlabathi jikelele we-CAGR yi-2.9% ngo-2020-2025, kwaye imfuno ye-MDI yehlabathi jikelele i-CAGR imalunga ne-5-6% ngo-2020-2025, apho umthamo wemveliso e-Asia uya kunyuka ukusuka kwi-5 yezigidi zeetoni ngo-2020. ukuya ku-2025 i-6.2 yezigidi zeetoni, ishishini le-polyurethane linethemba malunga nemfuno ye-MDI kule minyaka mihlanu izayo.
Ndisenethemba malunga nemeko yexesha elide yokuthumela ngaphandle kwe-MDI.Ngokwembono yolwakhiwo lokuthumela ngaphandle ngo-2021, iUnited States ngowona mthengisi uphambili we-MDI yelizwe lam, kwaye umthamo wokuthumela ngaphandle ngo-2021 uya kufikelela kwiitoni ezingama-282,000, ukonyuka konyaka ngonyaka nge-122.9%.I-Zhejiang, iShandong kunye ne-Shanghai ngamaphondo aphambili athumela ngaphandle (imimandla) kwilizwe lam, apho umthamo we-Zhejiang wokuthumela ngaphandle ufikelele kwiitoni ezingama-597,000, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka we-78.7%;Umthamo we-Shandong othumela ngaphandle ufikelele kwi-223,000 yeetoni, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka ngama-53.7%.Ngokutsho kwedatha ye-real estate esezantsi, umthamo wentengiso yezindlu ezintsha e-United States uhamba kwixesha lokubuyisela emva kobhubhane, utyalo-mali lwezindlu zasekhaya lunokufumana utshintsho oluncinci, kwaye ukubuyiswa kwemfuno yendawo yokuhlala kulindeleke ukuba kukhulise imfuno ye-MDI. .
Ingeniso yengeniso ye-Wanhua Chemical kwikota inomdlalo omhle kunye nokusasazeka kwexabiso le-MDI ehlanganisiweyo kwikota.Eyona mathiriyeli ekrwada ye-MDI yianiline.Ngokubala umahluko wethiyori wexabiso, kunokufunyanwa ukuba ixabiso le-MDI ye-polymerized linendlela yothumelo elungileyo, kwaye ixabiso eliphezulu lidla ngokuba ngumahluko ophezulu wexabiso.Kwangaxeshanye, ukusasazeka kwexabiso le-MDI edityanisiweyo inomdlalo olungileyo kunye nomda wengeniso ye-Wanhua Chemical kwikota, kunye nokutshintsha kwengeniso yenzuzo enkulu kwezinye iikota isemva kokutshintsha kwexabiso, okanye inxulumene ne umjikelo we-inventri yamashishini.
Iindleko eziphezulu zamandla zinokuqhubeka zinciphisa unikezelo lwe-MDI phesheya.I-Xinhua Finance, iFrankfurt, i-13 kaJuni, umlawuli wamandla waseJamani uKlaus Müller, intloko ye-Federal Network Agency, wathi i-Nord Stream 1 Baltic Pipeline iya kuqhuba ukugcinwa kwehlobo, kunye nokunikezelwa kwegesi yendalo evela eRashiya ukuya eJamani naseNtshona Yurophu kuncitshiswe ngexesha lasehlotyeni.kunokwenzeka ukuba yehle kakhulu.Umthamo wemveliso ye-MDI yaseYurophu yenza malunga ne-30% yetotali yehlabathi.Unikezelo oluqhubekayo lwamandla efosili lusenokunyanzela abavelisi be-MDI baphesheya kolwandle ukuba banciphise umthwalo wabo, kwaye ukuthunyelwa kwe-MDI yasekhaya kumazwe angaphandle kunokubangela ukwanda ehlotyeni.
I-Wanhua ineenzuzo zeendleko ezicacileyo.Xa kujongwa ixabiso le-oyile ekrwada/irhasi yendalo ngokwembali kunye nexabiso lentengiso yeenkampani ezinkulu ze-polyurethane, intsingiselo yeendleko zentengiso yeenkampani zaphesheya kweelwandle isondele kumaxabiso e-oyile ekrwada nerhasi yendalo.Izinga lokwandiswa kwe-Wanhua Chemical liphezulu kunelo leenkampani zaphesheya kweelwandle, okanye iimpembelelo zeendleko zempahla ekrwada zibuthathaka kunezo zeenkampani zaphesheya.iinkampani zaphesheya.Ukusuka kwimbono ye-industrial chain chain, i-Wanhua Chemical kunye ne-BASF, ene-petrochemical industrial chain kwaye ineenzuzo ezicacileyo zokudibanisa, zineenzuzo zeendleko ezingaphezu kwe-Covestro kunye ne-Huntsman.
Ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yokunyuka kwamaxabiso amandla, izibonelelo zokudityaniswa zifumana ingqalelo ngakumbi.Ngokutsho kwedatha ye-Huntsman, ngo-2024, inkampani iceba ukuphumeza iprojekthi yokuphucula iindleko ze-US $ 240 yezigidi, apho ukulungiswa kwendawo yeplanti ye-polyurethane kuya kuba negalelo malunga ne-US $ 60 yezigidi ekunciphiseni iindleko.NgokukaCovestro, ukonyuka kwengeniso evela kwiiprojekthi zokudityaniswa kuya kufikelela kwi-120 yezigidi zee-euro ngo-2025, apho iiprojekthi zokuphucula iindleko ziya kuba negalelo malunga ne-80 yezigidi zee-euro.
Imakethi ye-TDI: Eyona mveliso isezantsi kunoko bekulindelekile, kwaye kukho indawo eyaneleyo yokunyuka kwamaxabiso
TDI imbali ixabiso trend kunye nohlalutyo cyclical
Inkqubo yemveliso ye-TDI inzima kakhulu, kwaye imveliso inetyhefu ephezulu kwaye iyatsha kwaye iyaqhuma kune-MDI.Ukususela ekubonweni kwexabiso lembali, ixabiso lentengo ye-TDI kunye ne-MDI iyafana kodwa ukuguquguquka kubonakala ngakumbi, okanye kuhambelana nokungazinzi kwemveliso ye-TDI.Ukususela ngo-Juni 17, i-2022, i-TDI (i-East China) ivalwe kwi-17,200 yuan / ton, kwi-31.1% yexabiso lembali, kunye nokunyuka kwexabiso leveki nge-1.3%, ukunyuka kwexabiso lenyanga kwi-0.9%, kunye nonyaka. -ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ukwanda nge-12.1%.Ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga i-cyclical, umjikelo onyukayo okanye osezantsi wamaxabiso e-TDI nawo malunga neminyaka emi-2-3.Xa kuthelekiswa ne-MDI, amaxabiso e-TDI kunye neendleko ziguquguquka ngamandla, kwaye amaxabiso achaphazeleka ngakumbi ukunyanzela i-majeure kunye nezinye iindaba kwixesha elifutshane.Lo mjikelo wokuya phezulu kwe-TDI unokuqalisa ngo-Epreli ka-2020, onxulumene ikakhulu kuzinzo olulambathayo lofakelo lwe-TDI kunye nesiphumo esisezantsi-kuno-besilindelwe.Xa kuthelekiswa ne-MDI, ixabiso langoku le-TDI likwinqanaba eliphantsi ngokwembali, kwaye ukuphakama kunokuba kucace ngakumbi.
Amaxabiso e-TDI kulindeleke ukuba aqhubeke nokunyuka ngo-2022. Ixabiso eliqhelekileyo le-TDI (eMpuma yeChina) ngo-2021 yi-14,189 yuan / ton, ukunyuka kwe-18.5% ngonyaka, kwaye kwi-22.9% yexabiso lexabiso lembali. .Iqondo eliphezulu lamaxabiso e-TDI ngo-2021 lalikwikota yokuqala, ikakhulu ngenxa yokuba abavelisi bemijelo esezantsi babezigcinile ngaphambi kweholide, izixhobo zaphesheya kunye nokubonelela ngolondolozo kwakulinganiselwe, kwaye uluhlu lwempahla lweshishini lwalukwinqanaba eliphantsi enyakeni.Umyinge wexabiso le-TDI kwikota yokuqala ka-2022 yi-18,524 yuan/toni, ukunyuka kwe-28.4% ukusuka kwikota yesine ka-2021. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-MDI, ixabiso le-TDI lisekwizinga eliphantsi kwimbali, kwaye kukho igumbi elikhulu ngexabiso eliphezulu.
Ipatheni yokubonelela kunye nemfuno: ibhalansi eqinile yexesha elide, uzinzo lwezixhobo luchaphazela imveliso yangempela
Okwangoku, nangona umthamo wemveliso we-TDI yehlabathi ugqithise, izinga lokukhula kwemfuno lidlula izinga lokukhula lonikezelo, kwaye unikezelo lwexesha elide kunye nepateni yemfuno ye-TDI inokugcina ibhalansi eqinile.Ngokutsho kwedatha ye-Covestro, unikezelo lwe-TDI yehlabathi malunga ne-3.42 yezigidi zeetoni, kunye ne-CAGR ye-2% kwi-2021-2026;Imfuno ye-TDI yehlabathi imalunga ne-2.49 yezigidi zeetoni, kunye ne-CAGR ye-5% ngo-2021-2026.
Ngaphantsi kwemvelaphi yobuninzi, abavelisi bakhulisa ngononophelo imveliso.Xa kuthelekiswa ne-MDI, i-TDI ineeprojekthi ezimbalwa zokwandisa umthamo, kwaye akukho ukwanda kwamandla kwi-2020 kunye ne-2021. Ukwanda okukhulu kwiminyaka emibini ezayo kuya kuvela kwi-Wanhua Chemical, eceba ukwandisa i-100,000 yeetoni / ngonyaka umthamo e-Fujian ukuya. 250,000 iitoni/ngonyaka.Iprojekthi ibandakanya iyunithi ye-nitrification yeetoni ze-305,000 / ngonyaka, iyunithi ye-hydrogenation yeetoni ze-200,000 / ngonyaka, kunye neyunithi ye-photochemical yeetoni ze-250,000 / ngonyaka;emva kokuba iprojekthi ifikelele kwimveliso, kulindeleke ukuba ivelise iitoni ezingama-250,000 ze-TDI, iitoni ze-6,250 ze-OTDA, iitoni ezingama-203,660 ze-hydrogen chloride eyomileyo kunye ne-hydrochloric acid.70,400 iitoni.Ngokwewebhusayithi esemthethweni yoRhulumente waBantu kaMasipala waseFuqing, iprojekthi yokwandisa ifumene isikhululo sofakelo sofakelo lwe-TDI kunye nesikhululo sokuhambisa, ilayisensi yokwakha yegumbi lekhabhathi yokufakela iTDI, kunye nelayisensi yokwakha isikhululo sefriji yeTDI.Kulindeleke ukuba iqalise ukusebenza ngo-2023.
Uzinzo olubi lwezixhobo luchaphazela imveliso yokwenene.Ngokutsho kwedatha ye-Baichuan Yingfu, imveliso ye-TDI yasekhaya ngo-2021 iya kuba malunga ne-1.137 yezigidi zeetoni, ehambelana nezinga lokusebenza ngonyaka malunga ne-80%.Nangona umthamo wemveliso weTDI yehlabathi ugqithise kakhulu, ngo-2021, amaziko e-TDI ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe aya kuchaphazeleka ngokwemigangatho eyahlukeneyo yimozulu egqithileyo, unikezelo lwempahla ekrwada kunye nokusilela kobugcisa, imveliso yokwenene iya kuba sezantsi kunokuba bekulindelwe, kwaye uluhlu lwempahla ukuqhubeka nokuhla.NgokukaBaichuan Yingfu, nge-9 kaJuni ka-2022, echatshazelwe lugwayimbo lwabaqhubi belori basekhaya eMzantsi Korea, izixhobo ze-Hanwha TDI zasekhaya (iitoni ezingama-50,000 ngeseti nganye) zancitshiswa umthwalo, kwaye ukuhanjiswa kwemithombo ye-MDI yaseKumho kwalibaziseka, nto leyo eyathi yalibaziseka. zichaphazele iimpahla zepolyurethane zakutsha nje ukuya kumlinganiselo othile.ukuya kwizibuko.Kwangaxeshanye, iifektri ezininzi kulindeleke ukuba zilungiswe ngoJuni, kwaye unikezelo lulonke lwe-TDI luqinile.
Ngokutsho kwedatha ye-Baichuan Yingfu, ukusetyenziswa kwangempela kwe-TDI kwi-2021 kuya kuba malunga neetoni ze-829,000, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka we-4.12%.Umzantsi we-TDI ziimveliso zesiponji ezifana nefenitshala exhotyisiweyo.Ngo-2021, isiponji kunye neemveliso ziya kubalelwa kwi-72% yokusetyenziswa kwe-TDI.Ukusukela ngo-2022, izinga lokukhula kwemfuno ye-TDI liye lacotha, kodwa njengoko umsinga osezantsi onje ngefenitshala ephakanyisiweyo kunye neempahla ezilukiweyo ngokuthe ngcembe zibuyela kubhubhane, ukusetyenziswa kwe-TDI kulindeleke ukuba kuqhubeke ukukhula.
I-ADI kunye nezinye ii-isocyanates ezikhethekileyo: iimarike ezintsha nezisakhulayo
Imarike ye-ADI kwintsimi yeengubo ivula ngokuthe ngcembe
Xa kuthelekiswa ne-isocyanates enevumba elimnandi, i-aliphatic kunye ne-alicyclic isocyanates (ADI) ineempawu zokuchasana nemozulu ezomeleleyo kunye ne-yellowing encinci.I-Hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) yi-ADI eqhelekileyo, engenambala okanye etyheli kancinane, kwaye yi-viscosity ephantsi, ulwelo oluvumba elibi kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi.Njengemathiriyeli ekrwada yokuvelisa i-polyurethane, i-HDI isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwimveliso ye-polyurethane (PU) ivanishi kunye neengubo zomgangatho ophezulu, iinqwelo zokulungisa iimoto, iingubo zeplastiki, iiplanga zodidi oluphezulu, iingubo zamashishini kunye ne-anti-corrosion coatings. kunye ne-elastomers, i-adhesives, i-agent yokugqiba i-textile, njl. Ukongeza kwi-oyile yokuchasa kunye nokuxhatshazwa kokugqoka, i-PU efunyenweyo i-coating ineempawu zokungabi phuzi, ukugcinwa kombala, ukuchasana kwe-chaki kunye nokuchasana nokuchaswa kwangaphandle.Ukongeza, iphinda isetyenziswe kwi-agent yokunyanga ipeyinti, i-adhesive ye-polymer ephezulu, i-adhesive ephantsi yokushisa yokushicilela i-paste, i-collar copolymer coating, i-adhesive edibeneyo ye-enzyme, njl.Njengezinto eziluhlaza zokuvelisa i-polyurethane, i-IPDI ifanelekile ukuveliswa kwe-polyurethanes ngokuzinza kokukhanya okulungileyo, ukuchasana kwemozulu kunye neempawu ezibalaseleyo zoomatshini.Ngokukodwa kufanelekile ukuveliswa kwee-elastomers, iingubo ezifakwe emanzini, ii-polyurethane dispersants kunye ne-photocurable urethane-modified acrylates.
Ezinye izinto ezikrwada zingeniswa kumazwe angaphandle, kwaye ixabiso le-ADI ngokubanzi liphezulu kunelo le-MDI kunye ne-TDI.Ukuthatha i-HDI ngesabelo esiphezulu semarike phakathi kwe-ADIs njengomzekelo, i-hexamethylenediamine iyona nto iphambili yemveliso ye-HDI.Okwangoku, i-1 toni ye-HDI iveliswa kwaye malunga neetoni ze-0.75 ze-hexanediamine zidliwe.Nangona indawo ye-adiponitrile kunye ne-hexamethylene diamine iqhubela phambili, imveliso yangoku ye-HDI isaxhomekeke kwi-adiponitrile kunye ne-hexamethylene diamine, kwaye ixabiso lemveliso liphezulu.Ngokutsho kwedatha ye-Tiantian Chemical Network, ixabiso eliqhelekileyo lonyaka le-HDI kwi-2021 li malunga ne-85,547 yuan / ton, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka kwe-74.2%;ixabiso eliqhelekileyo lonyaka le-IPDI limalunga ne-76,000 yuan/ton, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka kwe-9.1%.
I-Wanhua Chemical ibe ngowesibini umvelisi omkhulu we-ADI emhlabeni
Umthamo wokuvelisa we-ADI uye wandiswa ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye i-Wanhua Chemical iphumelele kwi-HDI kunye ne-derivatives, i-IPDI, i-HMDI kunye nezinye iimveliso.Ngokutsho kwedatha ye-Xinsijie Industry Research Centre, umthamo opheleleyo wemveliso ye-ADI yehlabathi jikelele iya kufikelela kwiitoni ze-580,000 / ngonyaka kwi-2021. Ngenxa yezithintelo eziphezulu zokungena kwishishini, kukho iinkampani ezimbalwa kwihlabathi ezinokuvelisa i-ADI. kwizinga elikhulu, ngokukodwa kubandakanywa i-Covestro, i-Evonik, i-BASF eJamani, i-Asahi Kasei eJapan, i-Wanhua Chemical, kunye ne-Rhodia eFransi, phakathi kwayo i-Covestro ngumthengisi omkhulu we-ADI wehlabathi kunye nomthamo wonyaka wokuvelisa iitoni ze-220,000, ilandelwa yi-Wanhua Chemical ngomthamo wemveliso yonyaka malunga neetoni ezingama-140,000.Nge-Wanhua Ningbo ye-50,000-toni / ngonyaka ye-HDI yesityalo esifakwe kwimveliso, i-Wanhua Chemical's ADI yokuvelisa amandla iya kuphucula ngakumbi.
I-isocyanates ezikhethekileyo kunye nezitshintshiweyo ziyaqhubeka nokuphumelela impumelelo.Okwangoku, ii-isocyanates zelizwe lam ezinuka kamnandi (MDI, TDI) zikwindawo ephambili kwihlabathi.Phakathi kwe-aliphatic isocyanates (ADI), i-HDI, i-IPDI, i-HMDI kunye nezinye iimveliso ziye zafumana iteknoloji yokuvelisa ezizimeleyo, i-XDI, i-PDI kunye nezinye i-isocyanates ezikhethekileyo ziye zangena kwinqanaba lokulinga, i-TDI -TMP kunye nezinye i-isocyanates ezilungisiweyo (i-isocyanate adducts) yenze iteknoloji ebalulekileyo. impumelelo.I-isocyanates ekhethekileyo kunye ne-isocyanates eguqulwayo zizinto ezibalulekileyo zokuvelisa iimveliso ze-polyurethane eziphezulu, kwaye zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuculeni isakhiwo seemveliso ze-polyurethane.Ngokuqhubela phambili okuqhubekayo kweempumelelo zetekhnoloji yasekhaya, i-Wanhua Chemical kunye nezinye iinkampani ziye zafumana impumelelo kwiimpumelelo zetekhnoloji kwiinkalo ze-isocyanates ezikhethekileyo kunye ne-isocyanate adducts, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba zikhokele ihlabathi kumzila omtsha.
Amashishini epolyurethane: ukuphinda kusebenze ngamandla ngo-2021, kunethemba malunga nembonakalo yentengiso
Wanhua Chemical
Yasekwa kwi-1998, i-Wanhua Chemical ibandakanyeka kakhulu kwi-R & D, imveliso kunye nokuthengiswa koluhlu olupheleleyo lweemveliso ze-polyurethane ezifana ne-isocyanates kunye ne-polyols, iimveliso zepetrochemical ezifana ne-acrylic acid kunye ne-ester, izinto ezisebenzayo ezifana neengubo ezisekelwe emanzini, kunye neekhemikhali ezikhethekileyo. .Yinkampani yokuqala kwilizwe lam ukuba ne-MDI Lishishini elinamalungelo azimeleyo epropathi yobukrelekrele bokuvelisa, kwaye ikwangoyena mthengisi mkhulu we-polyurethane kwingingqi ye-Asia-Pacific kunye noyena mvelisi we-MDI okhuphisanayo kwihlabathi.
Isikali somthamo wemveliso sinenzuzo enkulu, kwaye sincamathela ukubaluleka kwi-R&D kunye nokusungula izinto ezintsha kuqala.Ukususela ekupheleni kuka-2021, i-Wanhua Chemical inomthamo wemveliso we-4.16 yezigidi zeetoni / ngonyaka weemveliso ze-polyurethane series (kubandakanya i-2.65 yezigidi zeetoni / ngonyaka kwiiprojekthi ze-MDI, ii-650,000 zeetoni / ngonyaka kwiiprojekthi ze-TDI, kunye ne-860,000 yeetoni / ngonyaka we-polyether. iiprojekthi).Ukuya ekupheleni kuka-2021, i-Wanhua Chemical inabasebenzi abayi-3,126 be-R&D, ibalwa kwi-16% yetotali yenkampani, kwaye ityale i-3.168 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan kwi-R&D, ibalwa malunga ne-2.18% yengeniso yayo yokusebenza.Ngexesha lokunika ingxelo ye-2021, iteknoloji ye-MDI yesizukulwana sesithandathu se-Wanhua Chemical isetyenziswe ngempumelelo kwiplanti ye-Yantai MDI, ifezekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kweetoni ze-1.1 yezigidi ngonyaka;i-hydrogen chloride eyenziwe ngokwayo i-catalytic oxidation chlorine yokuvelisa iteknoloji yayikhulile kwaye yagqityezelwa, kwaye yadweliswa kwiVeki yeMichiza Yeendlela ezilungileyo zophuhliso oluzinzileyo ngo-2021;i-self-developed enkulu-scale PO / SM, iteknoloji ye-polyether ye-DMC eqhubekayo kunye nochungechunge olutsha lwe-polyester polyols olunevumba elimnandi luye lwaphuhliswa ngempumelelo, kwaye iimpawu zemveliso zifikelele kwinqanaba leemveliso eziphezulu.
Ukukhula kwe-Wanhua Chemical kubhetele kunoko kukhuphisana namazwe ngamazwe.Ukuzuza kwiingenelo zesikali kunye neendleko, ukukhula kwengeniso ye-Wanhua Chemical unyaka nonyaka ngo-2021 kuphezulu kakhulu kunokhuphiswano lwamazwe ngamazwe, kwaye ingeniso yokusebenza kwikota yokuqala ye-2022 iya kugcina izinga eliphezulu lokukhula.Ngokuvela ngakumbi kweenzuzo zesikali kunye nokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kokuthunyelwa kwe-MDI kwamanye amazwe, i-Wanhua Chemical iya kuqhubeka nokwandisa isabelo semarike ye-MDI kunye nokudala iindawo ezininzi zokukhula kumacandelo e-petrochemical kunye nezinto ezintsha.(Umthombo wengxelo: ITanki yokucinga yekamva)
I-BASF (BASF)
I-BASF SE yeyona nkampani inkulu yeekhemikhali ehlabathini enamashishini angaphantsi kwe-160 okanye amashishini adibeneyo kumazwe angama-41 eYurophu, e-Asiya naseMelika.Ikomkhulu eLudwigshafen, eJamani, inkampani sesona siseko sikhulu semveliso yeekhemikhali emhlabeni.Ishishini lale nkampani libandakanya impilo kunye nesondlo (iNutrition & Care), iingubo kunye nedayi (i-Surface Technologies), iikhemikhali ezisisiseko (Amachiza), iiplastiki ezisebenza kakhulu kunye nezandulela (Izinto), i-resins kunye nezinye izinto zokusebenza (Iindustrial Solutions), ezolimo (Ezolimo Izisombululo) Izisombululo) kunye nezinye iinkalo, apho i-isocyanates (i-MDI kunye ne-TDI) iyingxenye ye-monomer segment (i-Monomer) kwi-plastics ephezulu yokusebenza kunye necandelo le-precursors (Izinto), kunye nomthamo opheleleyo wokuvelisa i-BASF isocyanate (MDI + TDI) ngo 2021 malunga 2.62 million tons.Ngokwengxelo yonyaka ye-BASF ye-2021, ii-coatings kunye nedayi yeyona nxalenye inkulu yengeniso yenkampani, ibalwa kwi-29% yengeniso yayo ngo-2021. Utyalo-mali lwe-R&D malunga ne-296 yezigidi ze-euro, kubandakanywa ukufunyanwa kunye nolunye utyalo-mali lwe-1.47 yezigidigidi zee-euro;iiplastiki eziphezulu zokusebenza kunye necandelo le-precursor (Izinto) licandelo elinesibini esikhulu sengeniso yesabelo, esibalelwa kwi-19% yengeniso ngo-2021, kunye notyalo-mali lwe-R & D malunga ne-193 yezigidi ze-euro, kubandakanywa ukufunyanwa kunye nolunye utyalo-mali lwe-709 yezigidi ze-euro.
Imarike yaseTshayina ifumana ingqalelo ngakumbi nangakumbi.Ngokwedatha ye-BASF, ngo-2030, isibini esithathwini sokunyuka kweekhemikhali zehlabathi siya kuvela e-China, kwaye i-9 yeeprojekthi zokwandisa ezingama-30 ezichazwe kwingxelo yonyaka ye-BASF ka-2021 zifumaneka kwilizwe lam.Isiseko esihlanganisiweyo seBASF's Guangdong (Zhanjiang) yeyona projekthi inkulu yotyalo-mali phesheya kwe-BASF ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.Ngokutsho kokuvezwa kwe-EIA, utyalo-mali lulonke lweprojekthi malunga ne-55.362 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan, apho utyalo-mali lokwakha luyi-50.98 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan.Le projekthi icwangciselwe ukuqalisa ukwakhiwa kwikota yokuqala yowama-2022, kwaye iza kuqukunjelwa ize iqalise ukusebenza kwikota yesithathu ka-2025, ngesithuba sokwakha esimalunga neenyanga ezingama-42.Emva kokuba le projekthi igqityiwe kwaye iqalise ukusebenza, ingeniso engumndilili wonyaka wokusebenza iya kuba yi-23.42 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan, umyinge wenzuzo yonyaka iyonke iya kuba yi-5.24 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan, kwaye umndilili wengeniso yonyaka iyonke iya kuba yi-3.93 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan.Kulindeleke ukuba unyaka oqhelekileyo wemveliso wale projekthi ube negalelo malunga ne-9.62 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan zexabiso elongezelelweyo kwimizi-mveliso nyaka ngamnye.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-23-2022